Chinese writer, founder of modern literature in the vernacular, who first studied medicine in Japan. He wrote "Diary of a Madman", "The True Story of Ah Q" and "Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk", read for their critical view of Chinese society.
Lu Xun, the pen name of Zhou Shuren, was born in 1881 in Shaoxing, in Zhejiang province, into a scholarly family in decline. In 1902 he went to study in Japan and began medicine in Sendai. A few years later he gave it up, convinced that his compatriots' minds needed healing more than their bodies, and turned to literature.
Back in China he worked at the Ministry of Education in Beijing. In 1918 he published “Diary of a Madman”, one of the first modern stories written in the spoken language rather than classical Chinese. It was followed by “The True Story of Ah Q” (1921–1922), a satire of a man who turns every humiliation into a victory, the collections “Call to Arms” (1923) and “Wandering” (1926), and the memoir “Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk” (1928).
Based in Shanghai from 1927, a feared essayist and a translator, he died there in 1936. He is regarded as the founder of modern Chinese literature.